The Brexit negotiations to date have focused on the rights of ‘mobile’ EU and UK nationals – that is, EU citizens in the UK and UK nationals in the EU27 – whilst the rights of ‘static’ UK nationals, those who have not exercised their right to free movement, have been left for the second stage of the Brexit talks.
On December 11, the University of Sheffield’s Sylwia Lipinska, co-author of ‘Brexit and Loss of EU Citizenship: Cases, Options, Perceptions‘, spoke to Luxembourg MEP Charles Goerens about citizens’ rights post-Brexit, the Divorce Report and Associate Citizenship of the EU for UK nationals. The interview was conducted as part of the Citizen Brexit Observatory.
Charles Goerens: We must make a distinction between a Divorce Agreement, on the one hand, and the future relationship on the other. Concerning the Divorce Agreement, we could only look into the situation of EU nationals living in the United Kingdom and UK nationals living in the 27 other Member States of the European Union. Concerning the rights of those four million citizens – one million Britons and three million EU nationals – as far as I can see some progress has been made and this progress seems to me to be enough to move to the second step. As far as the future rights of UK citizens and EU nationals are concerned, I think that this can only be part of the second agreement. Those provisions must be laid down in the future agreement.
In this regard, I submitted an amendment to Guy Verhofstadt’s report on the future institutional settlement of the European Union after Brexit to introduce a kind of EU Associate Citizenship. He suggested to the European Union Member States to have a kind of Associate Membership of the United Kingdom to the European Union after Brexit, which was his personal view and was endorsed by the Constitutional Affairs Committee. It is in this regard that I tabled the amendment, given the fact that a part of Guy Verhofstadt’s proposal was launching the UK’s associate relationship with the European Union. If associate membership is agreed, then we can have associate EU citizenship of European citizens, but that must, first of all, be a part of the change of the treaty, because the basis of the European Union is our treaty. It was not adopted last year, but nevertheless the idea is not dead.
We can still, and we will have to, modify the treaty in several aspects after Brexit, because the situation will be a new one and this situation will no longer be, concerning certain aspects, in line with the provisions laid down in our treaty. That’s my principle view on that and I am still in favour of acting towards changing the treaty in order to get the possibility to have Associate Citizenship. But we will need a majority in the Constitutional Affairs Committee in the European Parliament, we will need agreement among the 27 Member States and we will need the idea to be accepted by the United Kingdom.
CG: In my view, it was only an idea. It’s a weak position unless you can get the majority to push it. In political terms, this has not been the case so far. In my personal view, EU Associate Citizenship was an offer to those British Citizens willing to get this citizenship. The first step to get it is to change the treaty. My personal suggestion was to give European Associate Citizenship to those British citizens willing to have it, but I can imagine that there are people opposed to European fundamental values who are not willing to further support European fundamental values. It is a selective attitude, if you want, with respect to those willing to have a close relationship with the European Union. Unfortunately, it was misunderstood and misinterpreted. I am a politician, therefore I am still endorsing it. We should never say no.
CG: What we can say today is that the rights of EU nationals living abroad and UK nationals living in the EU are guaranteed, and this includes free movement. In addition to that, you are right to mention this problem. What about the rights of those deprived of free movement? It depends on the ongoing negotiations. We must have an agreement among the 28 – 27 on the one hand and the United Kingdom on the other. If you consider, for instance, citizens of Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, they have free movement because they are a part of the Schengen Agreement, and that you can do without treaty change. You can enlarge the advantages of the Schengen Agreement, free movement, for instance, to those citizens. But will the United Kingdom want to have this close relationship? I don’t know. I am one of the sceptics, given the fact that the referendum raised the question of secure borders. In this regard, I cannot imagine a huge majority of Brits in favour of such a close relationship. That depends on the United Kingdom. I think that if a proposal comes from the United Kingdom to have such a close kind of relationship, you can have it by still belonging to the European Single Market. That’s one possibility.
CG: I am not sure, because membership of the European Union is of tremendous advantage for countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. I am sceptical that they would take it as an incentive to leave the European Union if they would have the right to free movement. I cannot imagine it, because they have, beyond that, so many advantages. They have access to the free market and are recipient countries of European funding, for example. Coming from irrational thinking, it’s imaginable, but if you take this decision by referendum, then you can never say what could be the outcome, at the end of the day. The Brexit campaign was a very irrational thing. There was no possibility to discuss a problem without being disturbed by fake news. It is up to the governments, to the ruling parties, to decide in that case. This view is, in my regard, unimaginable. In other words, I think this criticism is not justified.
CG: For EU nationals living in Britain and Britons living in the European Union, in my view the damage can be limited. I don’t know what, in detail, could be difficult for citizens, but speaking generally, I think they have got a fair deal. I think that Theresa May and the EU side have concluded a fair deal.
Concerning the other people, not a part of this group of people, the other 60 million in the United Kingdom, and the 450 million in the rest of the EU, we are only at the end of the beginning. The most important and complicated part of the negotiations – the worst part – is still to come. We have fulfilled a depth of preconditions in order to move forward. That is very helpful but nevertheless you cannot ever say what will be the outcome at the end of the day.
I am rather confident that we can get a deal because the positions a few weeks ago were still no deal or bad deal. Some people said it’s better to have no deal than a bad deal. In my view, we should have a fair deal. I am clearly in favour of a fair deal because it is in everybody’s interest to have a fair deal.
CG: There is a comment interpreted in the agreement on the fact that up to eight years after Brexit the European Court of Justice can be appealed by the United Kingdom, before UK courts decide on a case concerning the situation of EU nationals in the United Kingdom. But that’s limited in time – ten years from now, eight years after Brexit.
Concerning the future relationship, that also must be a part of the additional agreement, if the future negotiating parties want to go beyond the existing situation. That must be a part of the future relationship. It has to be the European Parliament that ratifies the Divorce Agreement, which needs to have the provisions we have been discussing since the beginning of our interview. But all the other aspects concerning the future relationship will be ratified by the Member States, and that’s quite different. That’s one of the reasons why we cannot be very outspoken about that for the time being. But this will become a little bit clearer after the next European Council, which will take place in Brussels on 15 December.
CG: My first reaction was that it is a fair deal. I must check it to see if there are any precise details putting into question my first reaction, my first comments. But as I see it, it can be approved by the European Parliament. We can give the green light to Barnier and the Member States to move on to the second part of the negotiations.
Photocredit: Euranet_Plus